Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide and represent a major public health challenge. Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices, particularly blood pumps used in ventricular assist systems, have become an important therapeutic option for patients with advanced heart failure. Despite significant technological progress, the long-term performance of these devices remains limited by hemocompatibility issues, including hemolysis, thrombosis, and platelet activation. These complications arise from the complex interactions between blood flow dynamics, device geometry, and the properties of blood-contacting biomaterials. This work presents an interdisciplinary analysis combining a review of biomaterials used in blood-contacting devices with a numerical investigation of hemodynamic conditions in a rotary blood pump. To investigate the relationship between flow conditions and potential blood damage, computational fluid dynamics simulations based on the finite volume method (FVM) were performed. The analysis included pressure, velocity, wall shear stress, and power distributions using the Casson non-Newtonian blood model and the k-ω SST turbulence model for a 3D two-blade rotor configuration. The results indicate that the highest values of pressure, velocity, and wall shear stress occur near blade edges, where flow acceleration and turbulence intensify, potentially increasing the risk of hemolysis and platelet activation. These findings highlight the importance of integrating optimized rotor geometry, advanced biomaterial surfaces, and contact-free bearing technologies, such as magnetic levitation, in the design of next-generation blood pumps.