Design and development of multilayered functionalized artificial skin for prosthetic applications: a biomimetic approach
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1
Department of Glass Technology and Amorphous Coatings, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
2
Department of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatics, Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering, AGH University of Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
Submission date: 2025-09-20
Acceptance date: 2025-10-27
Publication date: 2025-10-31
Engineering of Biomaterials 2025;(173):12
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ABSTRACT
The development of artificial skin for prosthetic applications poses a significant engineering challenge due to the need to replicate human skin's multilayered architecture and multifunctionality. Each layer must be engineered to mimic distinct skin functions including mechanical protection, thermal regulation, tactile sensation, and structural support. Additionally, the artificial skin must demonstrate biocompatibility, long-term durability, and seamless integration with prosthetic devices to provide users with enhanced sensory feedback and improved quality of life. This study aims to design and fabricate a low-cost, biomimetic four-layer artificial skin system using functionalized silicon composites to replicate human skin's multilayered architecture and multifunctional properties for prosthetic applications. The four-layer structure includes: a surface biomimetic porous layer for mechanical shielding, a thermal management layer enhanced with boron nitride fillers to improve heat conduction, a conductive sensing layer containing carbon nanotubes for pressure detection, and a base layer providing cushioning and structural integrity. Each layer was specifically engineered to mimic different skin functions: mechanical protection, thermal regulation, tactile sensation, and structural support. The total thickness of the fabricated layers matches the human skin thickness values. Mechanical characterization revealed properties compatible with prosthetic applications, while surface analysis confirmed successful texture modification for enhanced tactile interaction. The thermal layer demonstrated improved heat distribution capabilities, and the conductive layer showed potential for pressure sensing applications. This work presents a complete design approach for artificial skin that meets both appearance and functional needs for prosthetics. The developed system offers promising prospects for enhancing quality of life for amputees through improved sensory feedback and thermal comfort.